-

The issue of Eshteqhal and Tanazo’ is among those less frequent instances of language use that most grammarians have attempted to explicate, although a range of views and theories set apart these attempts from the common realities of language . Eshteqhal and Tanazo’ is one of the most unstable and complex linguistic problems, and it has explicitly received controversial treatment by most grammarians.
Most grammarians contend that the problem of the agent in grammar has compelled them to resort to the principles of fiqh for aid in the justification and rationalization of their arguments. Grammarians also make special use of elm al-kalam, because it seeks an origin and cause for every fact and phenomenon. However, grammarians have not yet been able to arrive at a clear distinction between the nature and essence of these two disciplines, because kalam derives its material from common speech or human discourse, whereas fiqh concentrates on the language of the Quran. Shawqi Zayf believes that most of the issues at hand are nothing but a number of hypotheses that do not merit treatment and should be abandoned in favor of more frequent concepts.