Palestine issue in Khaled Al-Faraj’s poem "Balfour Declaration"

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran

2 PhD Candidate, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran

Abstract

Rarely has we see in history a nation like Palestine was subjected to usurpation and displacement of its lands. However, their tragedy, which has broken the hearts and poured the tears, has been a breeding ground for so many writers and poets inside and outside Arab and Islamic countries. Kuwait was among the most prominent countries that were affected by these tragedies and its poets represent the tragedy with its excruciating chapters and horrific manifestations. The poet Khaled Al-Faraj was one of the most influential Kuwaiti poets who dealt with Palestinian issue in his poem Balfour Declaration, in which pivotal issues were most evident in the artistic and aesthetic displacements. He weaves his poem with delicate dexterity and he divided it into five interconnected parts moving towards a unified and specific sublime goal. So, in the first part, he addresses the Palestinian tragedy to make it an entry through which the poem’s subject matter is highlighted and at the same time, gain the reader’s sympathy. In the second part, he deals with the tragedies’ causes in the Balfour Declaration, which is filled with denunciation and condemnation holding the British responsible for the crimes. In the third part, after depicting the tragedies and explaining its causes, he tries to represent Arabs glory and anger to firstly intimidate his enemies and secondly to provoke pride and revolution in the nation’s souls. In the fourth part, he represents the Jews’ humiliation and ignominy to play down their actions so as to regain Arabs

Keywords


أحمد المهنا، عبد الله،(۲۰۱۳). تجليات ابنية الخطاب الشعري عندأحمد مشاري العدواني: دراسة مقارنة، الكويت، مؤسسة جائزه عبدالعزيز سعود البابطين للابداع
أرمن، ابراهيم، (1388 ش). نشأة الشعر الفصيح في الكويت وتطوره، التراث الأدبي، العدد الرابع
الأسطه، عادل،(2008م).  أدب المقاومة من تفاؤل البدايات إلى خيبة النهايات، الطبعة الثانية، رام الله: مؤسسة فلسطين للثقافة
إميل يعقوب (2009 م). معجم الشعراء منذ بدء عصر النهضة، بيروت، دار صادر
بوشعير، الرشيد، (1997 م). الشعر العربي الحديث في منطقة الخليج، جامعة الإمارات العربية، ط1، بيروت، دار الفكر
حسن عبدالله، محمد، (١٩٧٤م). ديوان الشعر الكويتي ، الكويت، وكالة المطبوعات بالكويت
خداده، سالم عباس، عبدالمحسن الرشيد، (2002م). الشاعر والشعرية، الكويت، ط2، رابطة الأدباء
خليفة العذبي، عواطف، (1973م). الشعر الكوبتي الحديث، جامعة الكويت، كلية الآداب
السالم، يوسف، (1973م). معجم أدباء وشعراء الكويت، النجف، مطبعة النعمان
سعود الزيد، خالد، (1967م). أدباء الكويت في قرنين، الكويت ، شركة الربيعان للنشر والتوزيع
----------، (1969م). خالد الفرج حياته وآثاره ،الكويت، دار العروبة
سرحان، مكي محمد، (2001م). أدباء خليجيون متميزون-خالد الفرج، الأردن، المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر.
الشرباصي، أحمد، (1970م).أيام الكويت، القاهرة ،دار الكتب
الشطي، سليمان، (2007م). الشعر في الكويت، الكويت، دار العروبة
الصعيدي، عبد الفتاح، (2005م). معجم الأدباء من العصر الجاهلي حتى سنة 2002، مصر، دار العروبة.
الرومي، نورية، (1976م). الحركة الشعرية في الخليج، الكويت، اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻷدبية واﻟﻧﻘدية
الزركلي، خير الدين، (2002م). الأعلام، بيروت،‌ دار العلم للملايين.
عبدالله العلي، أحمد، (2000م). كتاب معجم شعراء الكويت، الكويت، مجلة المجتمع العربي
العبيد، عبدالرحمن،(1978م).  الأدب في الخليج، الكويت، مجلة المجتمع العلمي العربي
محمد صالح، ليلی، (1996). أدباء وأديبات الكويت ، الكويت ، مکتبة الفيصل.
Reference
Ahmad Al-Muhanna, Abdullah, Manifestations of the Poetic Discourse Structures of Ahmad Mashari Al-Adwani: A Comparative Study, Abdulaziz Saud Al-Babtain Prize for Creativity Institution, Kuwait, (2013) (in Arabic)
Arman, Ibrahim, The Origin and Development of Eloquent Poetry in Kuwait, Literary Heritage, Fourth Issue, (1388) (in Arabic)
Al-Osta, Adel, Literature of Resistance from Optimism of Beginnings to Disappointment of Ends, Second Edition, Palestine Foundation for Culture, Ramallah, (2008) (in Arabic)
Emile Yaqoub, A Dictionary of Poets since the Beginning of the Renaissance, Dar Sader, Beirut, (2009((in Arabic)
Bousheer, Al-Rasheed, Modern Arabic Poetry in the Gulf Region, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr, (1997((in Arabic)
Hassan Abdullah, Muhammad, Diwan of Kuwaiti Poetry, Kuwait Publications Agency, Kuwait, (1974 ((in Arabic)
Khadada, Salem Abbas, Abdul Mohsen Al-Rasheed, poet and poetics, Writers Association, Kuwait, (2002((in Arabic)
Khalifa Al-Athbi, Awatef, Modern Kuwaiti Poetry, Kuwait University, College of Arts, (1973) (in Arabic)
Al-Salem, Youssef, A Dictionary of Kuwait Writers and Poets, Al-Numan Press, Najaf, (1973((in Arabic)
Saud Al-Zayd, Khaled, Kuwait writers in two centuries, Kuwait, Al-Rubaian Publishing and Distribution Company (1967) (in Arabic)
,---------- Khaled Al-Faraj His Life and Effects, Dar Al-Urubah, Kuwait, (1969((in Arabic)
Sarhan, Makki Muhammad, Distinguished Gulf Writers - Khaled Al-Faraj, The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, Jordan, (2001((in Arabic)
Al-Sharbasi, Ahmed, Ayam Al-Kuwait, Dar Al-Kutub, Cairo, (1970((in Arabic)
Al-Shatti, Suleiman, Poetry in Kuwait, Dar Al-Urubah, Kuwait, (2007((in Arabic)
Al-Saidi, Abdel-Fattah, A Dictionary of Writers from the Pre-Islamic Era until 2002, Dar Al-Uruba, Egypt, (2005) (in Arabic)
Al-Roumi, Nouria, The Poetic Movement in the Gulf, Literary and Critical Studies, Kuwait, (1976((in Arabic)
Al-Zarkali, Khair Al-Din, Al-Alam, House of Science for Millions, Beirut, (2002((in Arabic)
Abdullah Al-Ali, Ahmad, The Dictionary of Kuwait Poets, The Arab Society Magazine, Kuwait, (2000((in Arabic)
Al-Obaid, Abdul Rahman, Literature in the Gulf, Journal of the Arab Scientific Society, Kuwait, (1978((in Arabic)
Muhammad Salih, Layla, Kuwaiti writers, Al-Faisal Library, Kuwait, (1996) (in Arabic)