Study the archetypes in novel of “Ala Hamesh al - Sirah” (Case study: wise old man, mask, woman)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Arabic Language and Literature, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Abstract

Closely set relation between literature and man’s spirit has provided a bed for psychological criticism in culture and literature domain. The function of this kind of criticism is to demonstrate the link between literature, scholar, and the concept of artistic creation. “Carl Gustav Jung” is one of the psychologists who affects in the growth of this kind of criticism and is the owner of the theory of “archetypes” in the psychology world. Jung, in this theory beside the “subjective unconsciousness”, believes in another unconsciousness which is common in all human beings and named it “collective unconsciousness”. He also called the common mental images in collective unconsciousness as “archetypes”. This paper, after extraction and checking the archetypes of the characters of the historical novel “Ala Hamesh al - Sirah” of “Taha Hussein”, has performed a psychological study by descriptive-analytic method. Taha Hussein, in the novel by creation a new style, has rewritten the Islamic history by artistic language, and analyzed the events and characters of Islam advent comprehensively. The approach of the study is to demonstrate that the scholar can specify the spiritual state of his story characters accurately by archetypes which is present in racial memory of human being and is common among all humans; therefore, the reader is attracted to the literary text and discovers reduplicate joy by finding its hidden layers. Consequently, the archetypes of “mask”, “wise man”, and “woman” have sensible display in the novel and are recalled by work of art because the ancient patterns are present in the depth of the writer and the reader mind and therefore the reader is spontaneously excited and communicate with the text bilaterally.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Arabic references
Ahmad, S. (2001), Arabic Islamic famous people in new age, Cairo: Arabic culture center.
Ismail, E. (2007), Arabic poem: subjects and exterior and interior art, Beirut: Dar- al – Aodah.
Hejazi, S. (2005), Arabic criticism and pioneer’s imagination in hadith age, Cairo: Altayebeh.
Hanafi, H. (2004), present time barriers of (Thinkers), Cairo: Alkitab.
Hana, A. (1999). New theory, Syria, Damascus: Arab writers Union. (In Arabic)
Hossein, T. (1985). Around prophetic style, Beirut: Dar- al -kitab .
Zaki, A. (1979), Mythology, Beirut: Dar – al –Aodah.
Almazi, S. (1993). About literary theories, Beirut: Dar- al- Montakhab – al - Arabi
Alfakhori, H. (1382 s.h). Comprehensive history of Arab literature, 2nd Ed, Qom: Zolqarbi.
Fazlolah, I. (2011). Literary psychology with comparative texts, Beirut: Dar al Farab.i
Zeyf, S. Current Arabic literature in Egypt, 10th Ed, Cairo: Dar- al -maaref.
Abdolqader, H. (1367 s.h), Studies about literature psychology science, Egypt: Namozajiyeh.
Mazid, M. (2018), Character recognition in humanity literature, current character recognizing look at national literature, Giza: Atlas.   
Jung, C. (1997), Analytic psychology (N. Khayate. Trans), 2nd Ed. Latakia: Dar – al –Hevar.
Jung, C. (1993), Man in search of his identity, (S. Alam, & D. Afiryanoos trans.), Damascus: Dar- al -qarbal. 
Humbert, E. (1991), C. G. Jung, (V. Asad. Trans.) Damascus: Ministry of culture.
Persian references
Snowden, R. (1387 s.h), understanding Jung, (N. Rahmanian, trans.), Tehran: Ashyan
Palmer, M. (1385 s.h), Freud and Jung on Religion, (M. Dahganpoor, & Q. Mahmoodi), Tehran: Roshd
Batooli, S.M. (1377s.h), Jung and Sohrevardi, Tehran: Etelaat
Bilsker, R. (1387s.h). On Jung, (h. Payandeh trans.), Tehran: Ashyan
Fatahi, Z (1398 s.h), character recognition according to archetypes, Tehran: Zehn e Movafagh
Guerin, W. L. et al (1370 s.h), Handbook of Critical Approaches of Literature, (Z. Mihankhah, trans.), Etelaat Institute
Moreno, A. (1376 s.h), Jung, Gods, and Modern Man. (D. Mehrjooei, trans.), Tehran: Markaz
Satari, J. (1390), face of woman in culture of Iran, Tehran: Markaz
Shirafkan, A. (1389 sh), personality theories, Tehran: Pooran Pazhohesh
Jung, C. G. (1390 s.h), Four Archetypes: Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster (Rutledge Classics), (p. Faramarzi, Trans.), Tehran: Behnashr
English reference
Doyle, D. John (2018). What does it mean to be human?  life, death, personhood and the transhumanist movement. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Theses and dissertations
Tomeh, G. (2009), Criticizing the archetype and its defamiliarization in blank verse of Syria, Dissertation, University of Al-baath. (In Arabic)
Najari, M. (1392 S.H), Mythology criticism of Zarinqabanameh according to the Jung theory, Dissertation, Mashhad, University of Ferdowsi. (In Persian)
Firoozpoor, M. (1393 s.h), Study and criticism of archetypes in long poem of Alheydari, Thesis, University of Shiraz
Sites            
Qasri, & Madani, (2016, August 1), collective unconsciousness, https://www.al-watan.com
Tashiri, &Condra (n d), what are the Jung’s archetypes?, https://ar.reoveme.com
Parsania, H. (1396, Isfand, 22), Foundations and cultural approaches records to knowledge, http://farhikhtegandaily.com
Quarterly of Arabic Language and Literature
Volume 17, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 391-415

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics